LymphedemaV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000D92

Minocycline as a re-purposed anti-Wolbachia macrofilaricide: superiority compared with doxycycline regimens in a murine infection model of human lymphatic filariasis

Identifieur interne : 000D92 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000D91; suivant : 000D93

Minocycline as a re-purposed anti-Wolbachia macrofilaricide: superiority compared with doxycycline regimens in a murine infection model of human lymphatic filariasis

Auteurs : Raman Sharma [Royaume-Uni] ; Ghaith Al Jayoussi [Royaume-Uni] ; Hayley E. Tyrer [Royaume-Uni] ; Joanne Gamble [Royaume-Uni] ; Laura Hayward [Royaume-Uni] ; Ana F. Guimaraes [Royaume-Uni] ; Jill Davies [Royaume-Uni] ; David Waterhouse [Royaume-Uni] ; Darren A. N. Cook [Royaume-Uni] ; Laura J. Myhill [Royaume-Uni] ; Rachel H. Clare [Royaume-Uni] ; Andrew Cassidy [Royaume-Uni] ; Andrew Steven [Royaume-Uni] ; Kelly L. Johnston [Royaume-Uni] ; Louise Ford [Royaume-Uni] ; Joseph D. Turner [Royaume-Uni] ; Stephen A. Ward [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark J. Taylor [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2016.

RBID : PMC:4800446

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Animaux, Antibactériens (administration et posologie), Antibactériens (pharmacocinétique), Brugia malayi (), Brugia malayi (parasitologie), Doxycycline (administration et posologie), Doxycycline (pharmacocinétique), Femelle, Filariose lymphatique (), Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie), Minocycline (administration et posologie), Minocycline (pharmacocinétique), Modèles animaux de maladie humaine, Mâle, Relation dose-effet des médicaments, Souris, Souris SCID, Souris de lignée BALB C, Wolbachia (), Wolbachia (pathogénicité).
MESH :
- administration et posologie : Antibactériens, Doxycycline, Minocycline.
- parasitologie : Brugia malayi, Filariose lymphatique.
- pathogénicité : Wolbachia.
- pharmacocinétique : Antibactériens, Doxycycline, Minocycline.
- Animaux, Brugia malayi, Femelle, Filariose lymphatique, Modèles animaux de maladie humaine, Mâle, Relation dose-effet des médicaments, Souris, Souris SCID, Souris de lignée BALB C, Wolbachia.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents (administration & dosage), Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacokinetics), Brugia malayi (drug effects), Brugia malayi (parasitology), Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Doxycycline (administration & dosage), Doxycycline (pharmacokinetics), Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (prevention & control), Female, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, SCID, Minocycline (administration & dosage), Minocycline (pharmacokinetics), Wolbachia (drug effects), Wolbachia (pathogenicity).
MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Doxycycline, Minocycline.
- chemical , pharmacokinetics : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Doxycycline, Minocycline.
- drug effects : Brugia malayi, Wolbachia.
- parasitology : Brugia malayi, Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- pathogenicity : Wolbachia.
- prevention & control : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, SCID.

Abstract

Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are parasitic helminth diseases, which cause severe morbidities such as elephantiasis, skin disease and blindness, presenting a major public health burden in endemic communities. The anti-Wolbachia consortium (A·WOL: http://www.a-wol.com/) has identified a number of registered antibiotics that target the endosymbiotic bacterium, Wolbachia, delivering macrofilaricidal activity. Here we use pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) analysis to rationally develop an anti-Wolbachia chemotherapy by linking drug exposure to pharmacological effect. We compare the pharmacokinetics and anti-Wolbachia efficacy in a murine Brugia malayi model of minocycline versus doxycycline. Doxycycline exhibits superior PK in comparison to minocycline resulting in a 3-fold greater exposure in SCID mice. Monte-Carlo simulations confirmed that a bi-daily 25–40 mg/Kg regimen is bioequivalent to a clinically effective 100–200 mg/day dose for these tetracyclines. Pharmacodynamic studies showed that minocycline depletes Wolbachia more effectively than doxycycline (99.51% vs. 90.35%) after 28 day 25 mg/Kg bid regimens with a more potent block in microfilarial production. PK/PD analysis predicts that minocycline would be expected to be 1.7 fold more effective than doxycycline in man despite lower exposure in our infection models. Our findings warrant onward clinical investigations to examine the clinical efficacy of minocycline treatment regimens against lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4800446

DOI: 10.1038/srep23458
PubMed: 26996237
PubMed Central: 4800446

Affiliations:

Royaume-Uni

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Minocycline as a re-purposed anti-<italic>Wolbachia</italic>
 macrofilaricide: superiority compared with doxycycline regimens in a murine infection model of human lymphatic filariasis</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sharma, Raman" sort="Sharma, Raman" uniqKey="Sharma R" first="Raman" last="Sharma">Raman Sharma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jayoussi, Ghaith Al" sort="Jayoussi, Ghaith Al" uniqKey="Jayoussi G" first="Ghaith Al" last="Jayoussi">Ghaith Al Jayoussi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tyrer, Hayley E" sort="Tyrer, Hayley E" uniqKey="Tyrer H" first="Hayley E." last="Tyrer">Hayley E. Tyrer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gamble, Joanne" sort="Gamble, Joanne" uniqKey="Gamble J" first="Joanne" last="Gamble">Joanne Gamble</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayward, Laura" sort="Hayward, Laura" uniqKey="Hayward L" first="Laura" last="Hayward">Laura Hayward</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guimaraes, Ana F" sort="Guimaraes, Ana F" uniqKey="Guimaraes A" first="Ana F." last="Guimaraes">Ana F. Guimaraes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Jill" sort="Davies, Jill" uniqKey="Davies J" first="Jill" last="Davies">Jill Davies</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waterhouse, David" sort="Waterhouse, David" uniqKey="Waterhouse D" first="David" last="Waterhouse">David Waterhouse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Darren A N" sort="Cook, Darren A N" uniqKey="Cook D" first="Darren A. N." last="Cook">Darren A. N. Cook</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myhill, Laura J" sort="Myhill, Laura J" uniqKey="Myhill L" first="Laura J." last="Myhill">Laura J. Myhill</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clare, Rachel H" sort="Clare, Rachel H" uniqKey="Clare R" first="Rachel H." last="Clare">Rachel H. Clare</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cassidy, Andrew" sort="Cassidy, Andrew" uniqKey="Cassidy A" first="Andrew" last="Cassidy">Andrew Cassidy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steven, Andrew" sort="Steven, Andrew" uniqKey="Steven A" first="Andrew" last="Steven">Andrew Steven</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnston, Kelly L" sort="Johnston, Kelly L" uniqKey="Johnston K" first="Kelly L." last="Johnston">Kelly L. Johnston</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ford, Louise" sort="Ford, Louise" uniqKey="Ford L" first="Louise" last="Ford">Louise Ford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, Joseph D" sort="Turner, Joseph D" uniqKey="Turner J" first="Joseph D." last="Turner">Joseph D. Turner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, Stephen A" sort="Ward, Stephen A" uniqKey="Ward S" first="Stephen A." last="Ward">Stephen A. Ward</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Mark J" sort="Taylor, Mark J" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Mark J." last="Taylor">Mark J. Taylor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">26996237</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4800446</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4800446</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4800446</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/srep23458</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000963</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000963</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000963</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000963</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000780</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000780</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000923</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000923</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000923</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000923</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000923</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000923</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">008072</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">008072</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">008072</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000D93</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000D92</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000D92</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Minocycline as a re-purposed anti-<italic>Wolbachia</italic>
 macrofilaricide: superiority compared with doxycycline regimens in a murine infection model of human lymphatic filariasis</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sharma, Raman" sort="Sharma, Raman" uniqKey="Sharma R" first="Raman" last="Sharma">Raman Sharma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jayoussi, Ghaith Al" sort="Jayoussi, Ghaith Al" uniqKey="Jayoussi G" first="Ghaith Al" last="Jayoussi">Ghaith Al Jayoussi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tyrer, Hayley E" sort="Tyrer, Hayley E" uniqKey="Tyrer H" first="Hayley E." last="Tyrer">Hayley E. Tyrer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gamble, Joanne" sort="Gamble, Joanne" uniqKey="Gamble J" first="Joanne" last="Gamble">Joanne Gamble</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayward, Laura" sort="Hayward, Laura" uniqKey="Hayward L" first="Laura" last="Hayward">Laura Hayward</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guimaraes, Ana F" sort="Guimaraes, Ana F" uniqKey="Guimaraes A" first="Ana F." last="Guimaraes">Ana F. Guimaraes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Jill" sort="Davies, Jill" uniqKey="Davies J" first="Jill" last="Davies">Jill Davies</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waterhouse, David" sort="Waterhouse, David" uniqKey="Waterhouse D" first="David" last="Waterhouse">David Waterhouse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Darren A N" sort="Cook, Darren A N" uniqKey="Cook D" first="Darren A. N." last="Cook">Darren A. N. Cook</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myhill, Laura J" sort="Myhill, Laura J" uniqKey="Myhill L" first="Laura J." last="Myhill">Laura J. Myhill</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clare, Rachel H" sort="Clare, Rachel H" uniqKey="Clare R" first="Rachel H." last="Clare">Rachel H. Clare</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cassidy, Andrew" sort="Cassidy, Andrew" uniqKey="Cassidy A" first="Andrew" last="Cassidy">Andrew Cassidy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steven, Andrew" sort="Steven, Andrew" uniqKey="Steven A" first="Andrew" last="Steven">Andrew Steven</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnston, Kelly L" sort="Johnston, Kelly L" uniqKey="Johnston K" first="Kelly L." last="Johnston">Kelly L. Johnston</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ford, Louise" sort="Ford, Louise" uniqKey="Ford L" first="Louise" last="Ford">Louise Ford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, Joseph D" sort="Turner, Joseph D" uniqKey="Turner J" first="Joseph D." last="Turner">Joseph D. Turner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, Stephen A" sort="Ward, Stephen A" uniqKey="Ward S" first="Stephen A." last="Ward">Stephen A. Ward</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Mark J" sort="Taylor, Mark J" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Mark J." last="Taylor">Mark J. Taylor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place</institution>
, Liverpool L3 5QA,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacokinetics)</term>
<term>Brugia malayi (drug effects)</term>
<term>Brugia malayi (parasitology)</term>
<term>Disease Models, Animal</term>
<term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</term>
<term>Doxycycline (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Doxycycline (pharmacokinetics)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term>
<term>Mice, SCID</term>
<term>Minocycline (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Minocycline (pharmacokinetics)</term>
<term>Wolbachia (drug effects)</term>
<term>Wolbachia (pathogenicity)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Antibactériens (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Antibactériens (pharmacocinétique)</term>
<term>Brugia malayi ()</term>
<term>Brugia malayi (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Doxycycline (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Doxycycline (pharmacocinétique)</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique ()</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Minocycline (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Minocycline (pharmacocinétique)</term>
<term>Modèles animaux de maladie humaine</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Relation dose-effet des médicaments</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Souris SCID</term>
<term>Souris de lignée BALB C</term>
<term>Wolbachia ()</term>
<term>Wolbachia (pathogénicité)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term>
<term>Doxycycline</term>
<term>Minocycline</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacokinetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term>
<term>Doxycycline</term>
<term>Minocycline</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antibactériens</term>
<term>Doxycycline</term>
<term>Minocycline</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Brugia malayi</term>
<term>Wolbachia</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Brugia malayi</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Brugia malayi</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Wolbachia</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Wolbachia</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacocinétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antibactériens</term>
<term>Doxycycline</term>
<term>Minocycline</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Disease Models, Animal</term>
<term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term>
<term>Mice, SCID</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Brugia malayi</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
<term>Modèles animaux de maladie humaine</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Relation dose-effet des médicaments</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Souris SCID</term>
<term>Souris de lignée BALB C</term>
<term>Wolbachia</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are parasitic helminth diseases, which cause severe morbidities such as elephantiasis, skin disease and blindness, presenting a major public health burden in endemic communities. The anti-<italic>Wolbachia</italic>
 consortium (A·WOL: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.a-wol.com/">http://www.a-wol.com/</ext-link>
) has identified a number of registered antibiotics that target the endosymbiotic bacterium, <italic>Wolbachia,</italic>
 delivering macrofilaricidal activity. Here we use pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) analysis to rationally develop an anti-<italic>Wolbachia</italic>
 chemotherapy by linking drug exposure to pharmacological effect. We compare the pharmacokinetics and anti-<italic>Wolbachia</italic>
 efficacy in a murine <italic>Brugia malayi</italic>
 model of minocycline versus doxycycline. Doxycycline exhibits superior PK in comparison to minocycline resulting in a 3-fold greater exposure in SCID mice. Monte-Carlo simulations confirmed that a bi-daily 25–40 mg/Kg regimen is bioequivalent to a clinically effective 100–200 mg/day dose for these tetracyclines. Pharmacodynamic studies showed that minocycline depletes <italic>Wolbachia</italic>
 more effectively than doxycycline (99.51% vs. 90.35%) after 28 day 25 mg/Kg <italic>bid</italic>
 regimens with a more potent block in microfilarial production. PK/PD analysis predicts that minocycline would be expected to be 1.7 fold more effective than doxycycline in man despite lower exposure in our infection models. Our findings warrant onward clinical investigations to examine the clinical efficacy of minocycline treatment regimens against lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, M J" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. J. Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A. Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bockarie, M" uniqKey="Bockarie M">M. Bockarie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A. Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pfarr, K" uniqKey="Pfarr K">K. Pfarr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S. Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Debrah, A Y" uniqKey="Debrah A">A. Y. Debrah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Specht, S" uniqKey="Specht S">S. Specht</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gardon, J" uniqKey="Gardon J">J. Gardon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boussinesq, M" uniqKey="Boussinesq M">M. Boussinesq</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamgno, J" uniqKey="Kamgno J">J. Kamgno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pion, S D" uniqKey="Pion S">S. D. Pion</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gardon, J" uniqKey="Gardon J">J. Gardon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Osei Atweneboana, M Y" uniqKey="Osei Atweneboana M">M. Y. Osei-Atweneboana</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Winnen, M" uniqKey="Winnen M">M. Winnen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stolk, M A" uniqKey="Stolk M">M. A. Stolk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walker, M" uniqKey="Walker M">M. Walker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coffeng, L E" uniqKey="Coffeng L">L. E. Coffeng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Basanez, M G" uniqKey="Basanez M">M.-G. Basanez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Vlas, S J" uniqKey="De Vlas S">S. J. de Vlas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, M J" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. J. Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A. Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Townson, S" uniqKey="Townson S">S. Townson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Slatko, B E" uniqKey="Slatko B">B. E. Slatko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, S A" uniqKey="Ward S">S. A. Ward</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turner, J D" uniqKey="Turner J">J. D. Turner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamarozzi, F" uniqKey="Tamarozzi F">F. Tamarozzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halliday, A" uniqKey="Halliday A">A. Halliday</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gentil, K" uniqKey="Gentil K">K. Gentil</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A. Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pearlman, E" uniqKey="Pearlman E">E. Pearlman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, M J" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. J. Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cross, H F" uniqKey="Cross H">H. F. Cross</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haarbrink, M" uniqKey="Haarbrink M">M. Haarbrink</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Egerton, G" uniqKey="Egerton G">G. Egerton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yazdanbakhsh, M" uniqKey="Yazdanbakhsh M">M. Yazdanbakhsh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, M J" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. J. Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turner, J D" uniqKey="Turner J">J. D. Turner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chirgwin, S R" uniqKey="Chirgwin S">S. R. Chirgwin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A. Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, M J" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. J. Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A. Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, M J" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. J. Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A. Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A. Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S. Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adjei, O" uniqKey="Adjei O">O. Adjei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fleischer, B" uniqKey="Fleischer B">B. Fleischer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buttner, D W" uniqKey="Buttner D">D. W. Buttner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A. Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turner, J D" uniqKey="Turner J">J. D. Turner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thong, Y H" uniqKey="Thong Y">Y. H. Thong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferrante, A" uniqKey="Ferrante A">A. Ferrante</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kloppenburg, M" uniqKey="Kloppenburg M">M. Kloppenburg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Debrah, A Y" uniqKey="Debrah A">A. Y. Debrah</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S. Mand</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walker, M" uniqKey="Walker M">M. Walker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnston, K L" uniqKey="Johnston K">K. L. Johnston</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Halliday, A" uniqKey="Halliday A">A. Halliday</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, H R" uniqKey="Chang H">H. R. Chang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Comte, R" uniqKey="Comte R">R. Comte</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piguet, P F" uniqKey="Piguet P">P. F. Piguet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pechere, J C" uniqKey="Pechere J">J. C. Pechere</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saivin, S" uniqKey="Saivin S">S. Saivin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Houin, G" uniqKey="Houin G">G. Houin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Agwuh, K N" uniqKey="Agwuh K">K. N. Agwuh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Macgowan, A" uniqKey="Macgowan A">A. MacGowan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Debrah, A Y" uniqKey="Debrah A">A. Y. Debrah</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Landmann, F" uniqKey="Landmann F">F. Landmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Voronin, D" uniqKey="Voronin D">D. Voronin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, W" uniqKey="Sullivan W">W. Sullivan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, M J" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. J. Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Devaney, E" uniqKey="Devaney E">E. Devaney</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howells, R E" uniqKey="Howells R">R. E. Howells</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, G" uniqKey="Smith G">G. Smith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Townson, S" uniqKey="Townson S">S. Townson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dobinson, A" uniqKey="Dobinson A">A. Dobinson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Connelly, C" uniqKey="Connelly C">C. Connelly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, R" uniqKey="Muller R">R. Muller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Neill, M" uniqKey="Neill M">M. Neill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kazura, J W" uniqKey="Kazura J">J. W. Kazura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, B" uniqKey="Chen B">B. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dong, J Q" uniqKey="Dong J">J. Q. Dong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pan, W J" uniqKey="Pan W">W. J. Pan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruiz, A" uniqKey="Ruiz A">A. Ruiz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Milligan, P A" uniqKey="Milligan P">P. A. Milligan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gabrielsson, J" uniqKey="Gabrielsson J">J. Gabrielsson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Green, A R" uniqKey="Green A">A. R. Green</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Graaf, P H" uniqKey="Van Der Graaf P">P. H. Van der Graaf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bocker, R" uniqKey="Bocker R">R. Bocker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Estler, C J" uniqKey="Estler C">C. J. Estler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Veber, D F" uniqKey="Veber D">D. F. Veber</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lipinski, C A" uniqKey="Lipinski C">C. A. Lipinski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lombardo, F" uniqKey="Lombardo F">F. Lombardo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dominy, B W" uniqKey="Dominy B">B. W. Dominy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feeney, P J" uniqKey="Feeney P">P. J. Feeney</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ghose, A K" uniqKey="Ghose A">A. K. Ghose</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Viswanadhan, V N" uniqKey="Viswanadhan V">V. N. Viswanadhan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wendoloski, J J" uniqKey="Wendoloski J">J. J. Wendoloski</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, K" uniqKey="Smith K">K. Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leyden, J J" uniqKey="Leyden J">J. J. Leyden</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thomsen, E K" uniqKey="Thomsen E">E. K. Thomsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, M J" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. J. Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bilo, K" uniqKey="Bilo K">K. Bilo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cross, H F" uniqKey="Cross H">H. F. Cross</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Archer, J P" uniqKey="Archer J">J. P. Archer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Underwood, A P" uniqKey="Underwood A">A. P. Underwood</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Griffiths, K G" uniqKey="Griffiths K">K. G. Griffiths</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alworth, L C" uniqKey="Alworth L">L. C. Alworth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harvey, S B" uniqKey="Harvey S">S. B. Harvey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michalski, M L" uniqKey="Michalski M">M. L. Michalski</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcgarry, H F" uniqKey="Mcgarry H">H. F. McGarry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Egerton, G L" uniqKey="Egerton G">G. L. Egerton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, M J" uniqKey="Taylor M">M. J. Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clare, R H" uniqKey="Clare R">R. H. Clare</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Neely, M N" uniqKey="Neely M">M. N. Neely</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Guilder, M G" uniqKey="Van Guilder M">M. G. van Guilder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamada, W M" uniqKey="Yamada W">W. M. Yamada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schumitzky, A" uniqKey="Schumitzky A">A. Schumitzky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jelliffe, R W" uniqKey="Jelliffe R">R. W. Jelliffe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holford, N H G" uniqKey="Holford N">N. H. G. Holford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheiner, L B" uniqKey="Sheiner L">L. B. Sheiner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheiner, L B" uniqKey="Sheiner L">L. B. Sheiner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanski, D R" uniqKey="Stanski D">D. R. Stanski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vozeh, S" uniqKey="Vozeh S">S. Vozeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, R D" uniqKey="Miller R">R. D. Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ham, J" uniqKey="Ham J">J. Ham</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holford, N H G" uniqKey="Holford N">N. H. G. Holford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheiner, L B" uniqKey="Sheiner L">L. B. Sheiner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roberts, J A" uniqKey="Roberts J">J. A. Roberts</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grau, S" uniqKey="Grau S">S. Grau</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sharma, Raman" sort="Sharma, Raman" uniqKey="Sharma R" first="Raman" last="Sharma">Raman Sharma</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Cassidy, Andrew" sort="Cassidy, Andrew" uniqKey="Cassidy A" first="Andrew" last="Cassidy">Andrew Cassidy</name>
<name sortKey="Clare, Rachel H" sort="Clare, Rachel H" uniqKey="Clare R" first="Rachel H." last="Clare">Rachel H. Clare</name>
<name sortKey="Cook, Darren A N" sort="Cook, Darren A N" uniqKey="Cook D" first="Darren A. N." last="Cook">Darren A. N. Cook</name>
<name sortKey="Davies, Jill" sort="Davies, Jill" uniqKey="Davies J" first="Jill" last="Davies">Jill Davies</name>
<name sortKey="Ford, Louise" sort="Ford, Louise" uniqKey="Ford L" first="Louise" last="Ford">Louise Ford</name>
<name sortKey="Gamble, Joanne" sort="Gamble, Joanne" uniqKey="Gamble J" first="Joanne" last="Gamble">Joanne Gamble</name>
<name sortKey="Guimaraes, Ana F" sort="Guimaraes, Ana F" uniqKey="Guimaraes A" first="Ana F." last="Guimaraes">Ana F. Guimaraes</name>
<name sortKey="Hayward, Laura" sort="Hayward, Laura" uniqKey="Hayward L" first="Laura" last="Hayward">Laura Hayward</name>
<name sortKey="Jayoussi, Ghaith Al" sort="Jayoussi, Ghaith Al" uniqKey="Jayoussi G" first="Ghaith Al" last="Jayoussi">Ghaith Al Jayoussi</name>
<name sortKey="Johnston, Kelly L" sort="Johnston, Kelly L" uniqKey="Johnston K" first="Kelly L." last="Johnston">Kelly L. Johnston</name>
<name sortKey="Myhill, Laura J" sort="Myhill, Laura J" uniqKey="Myhill L" first="Laura J." last="Myhill">Laura J. Myhill</name>
<name sortKey="Steven, Andrew" sort="Steven, Andrew" uniqKey="Steven A" first="Andrew" last="Steven">Andrew Steven</name>
<name sortKey="Taylor, Mark J" sort="Taylor, Mark J" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Mark J." last="Taylor">Mark J. Taylor</name>
<name sortKey="Turner, Joseph D" sort="Turner, Joseph D" uniqKey="Turner J" first="Joseph D." last="Turner">Joseph D. Turner</name>
<name sortKey="Tyrer, Hayley E" sort="Tyrer, Hayley E" uniqKey="Tyrer H" first="Hayley E." last="Tyrer">Hayley E. Tyrer</name>
<name sortKey="Ward, Stephen A" sort="Ward, Stephen A" uniqKey="Ward S" first="Stephen A." last="Ward">Stephen A. Ward</name>
<name sortKey="Waterhouse, David" sort="Waterhouse, David" uniqKey="Waterhouse D" first="David" last="Waterhouse">David Waterhouse</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Main/Exploration

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000D92 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000D92 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Sante
   |area=    LymphedemaV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:4800446
   |texte=   Minocycline as a re-purposed anti-Wolbachia macrofilaricide: superiority compared with doxycycline regimens in a murine infection model of human lymphatic filariasis
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:26996237" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31.
Data generation: Sat Nov 4 17:40:35 2017. Site generation: Tue Feb 13 16:42:16 2024

Serveur d'exploration sur le lymphœdème

Minocycline as a re-purposed anti-Wolbachia macrofilaricide: superiority compared with doxycycline regimens in a murine infection model of human lymphatic filariasis

Minocycline as a re-purposed anti-Wolbachia macrofilaricide: superiority compared with doxycycline regimens in a murine infection model of human lymphatic filariasis

Source :

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

Pour générer des pages wiki

	Serveur d'exploration sur le lymphœdème
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.